1. Chole (Chola Dynasty):
- Founder: The Chola Dynasty, a powerhouse in southern India, was established around the 9th century CE.
- State: The Chola Dynasty predominantly ruled the southern regions of India.
- Capital: Various cities, with Thanjavur (also known as Tanjore) being one of the notable capitals.
- Ruling Period: The Cholas held sway from around the 9th to the 13th centuries CE. Their rule was marked by flourishing art, culture, and maritime trade.
2. Chalukya:
- Founder: The Chalukya Dynasty, a prominent force in South India, had its beginnings around the 6th century CE.
- State: Their rule extended across various parts of South India.
- Capital: They had multiple capitals over time, including the historical city of Badami, also known as Vatapi.
- Ruling Period: The Chalukyas held power from approximately the 6th to the 12th centuries CE. They contributed significantly to art and architecture.
3. Kalchuri:
- Founder: The Kalachuri Dynasty had several branches and existed from ancient times to the medieval period.
- State: They ruled regions in central India.
- Capital: Different branches of the dynasty had varying capitals.
- Ruling Period: The Kalachuris' reign spanned centuries, with different branches ruling at different times.
4. Pratihar:
- Founder: The Pratihara Dynasty, known for its dominance in northern and central India, emerged around the 6th century CE.
- State: They controlled vast territories in northern and central India.
- Capital: Kannauj, often spelled as Kanauj, was their prominent capital.
- Ruling Period: The Pratiharas ruled from around the 6th to the 11th centuries CE, during which they played a significant role in shaping the region's history.
5. Pal:
- Founder: The Pal Dynasty was known for its rule in eastern India, particularly in Bengal, and its establishment dates back to around the 8th century CE.
- State: They held sway over the eastern regions of India.
- Capital: The Pal Dynasty had different capitals at various times, including Palamau and Munger.
- Ruling Period: Their reign spanned from approximately the 8th to the 12th centuries CE, contributing to the cultural and political landscape of the region.
6. Rashtrakoot (Rashtrakuta):
- Founder: The Rashtrakuta Dynasty, a significant force in South and Central India, came to prominence around the 8th century CE.
- State: They ruled over vast territories in South and Central India.
- Capital: The city of Manyakheta, also known as Manykhet, served as one of their notable capitals.
- Ruling Period: The Rashtrakutas exerted influence from approximately the 8th to the 10th centuries CE, known for their patronage of art and culture.
7. Vakatak:
- Founder: The Vakataka Dynasty, known for its rule in central India, flourished primarily during the 3rd to 5th centuries CE.
- State: They held territories in central India.
- Capital: Different branches of the Vakatakas had varying capitals.
- Ruling Period: The Vakatakas' historical prominence was during the ancient period, specifically the 3rd to 5th centuries CE.
8. Parmar:
- Founder: The Paramara Dynasty, a central Indian power, emerged around the 9th century CE.
- State: They ruled over central India.
- Capital: Dhara was one of their important capitals.
- Ruling Period: The Paramaras ruled from approximately the 9th to the 14th centuries CE, contributing to art and culture in the region.
9. Chandel (Chandela):
- Founder: The Chandela Dynasty, renowned for its stunning temples in Khajuraho, thrived from around the 9th to the 13th centuries CE.
- State: They ruled in central India.
- Capital: Khajuraho, known for its intricate erotic sculptures, served as their capital.
- Ruling Period: The Chandelas' rule spanned from around the 9th to the 13th centuries CE, leaving behind a remarkable architectural legacy.
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